Digital Signal Processing Algorithms describes computational number theory and its applications to deriving fast algorithms for digital signal processing. It demonstrates the importance of computational number theory in the design of digital signal processing algorithms and clearly describes the nature and structure of the algorithms themselves. The book has two primary focuses: first, it establishes the properties of discrete-time sequence indices and their corresponding fast algorithms; and second, it investigates the properties of the discrete-time sequences and the corresponding fast algorithms for processing these sequences.
Digital Signal Processing Algorithms examines three of the most common computational tasks that occur in digital signal processing; namely, cyclic convolution, acyclic convolution, and discrete Fourier transformation. The application of number theory to deriving fast and efficient algorithms for these three and related computationally intensive tasks is clearly discussed and illustrated with examples.
Its comprehensive coverage of digital signal processing, computer arithmetic, and coding theory makes Digital Signal Processing Algorithms an excellent reference for practicing engineers. The authors' intent to demystify the abstract nature of number theory and the related algebra is evident throughout the text, providing clear and precise coverage of the quickly evolving field of digital signal processing.

The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is highly vulnerable to earthquakes and water-induced disasters. This fragile mountain region is under tremendous stress from climate change and land-use degradation that has accelerated flash floods, river-line floods, erosion, and wet mass movements during the monsoon period and drought in the non-monsoon period. Against the backdrop of intensifying disasters and in the absence of a focused documentation of disaster risk reduction issues in the HKH region, this volume presents a comprehensive body of knowledge. The main purpose and objective of this publication is to connect existing data, research, conceptual work, and practical cases on risk, resilience, and risk reduction from the HKH region under a common analytical umbrella. The result is a contribution to advancing disaster resilience and risk reduction in the HKH region. The book will be of special interest to policy makers, donors, and researchers concerned with the disaster issues in the region.

I present a Study of Relative Flux Density Variation in Saturn's ring using images taken Schmidt Telescope from National Observatory Nagarkot Nepal during the period form November 2008 to January 2010.The images of the Planet Saturn is captured with the help of the interface software AUTOSTAR SUITE 3.08 in FITS format then processed the images in the Software ALADIN2.5.The values of Relative Flux Density of 500*500 total 250,000]pixels are used for the study.I made an attempt to study the Flux Density variation along Saturn's ring form Eastern to Western region.I found that the total flux sometimes increases and decreases showing peak values at different regions along the ring.However, in the central region of the planet, we can see a fairly homogenous emission. No selective absorption or emission in noticed, I suspect that the on-going gravitational contraction is in about to saturate in the planet Saturn.In addition, I observed 2-D image of Saturn is divided into four regions: Eastern, Western, Northerninside and Southerninside.I took data of Relative Flux density associated with each pixel in these regions.The average value per pixel is found lie in the range form 115.31 to 249.

Semiconductor nanoparticles exhibit effects of quantum confinement of electrons and holes in dictating optical and electronic properties. One can thus tune the band gap by changing the particle size. As the Optical properties are strongly dependent on particle size, a particle size distribution is expected to cause inhomogeneous broadening of optical spectra. Nanocrystalline materials exhibit a variety of properties that are different and often considerably improved in comparison with bulk materials. These include increase strength, enhanced diffusivity, improved ductility/ toughness, reduced density, reduced elastic modulus, higher electrical resistivity and superior soft magnetic properties in comparison to bulk crystals. Luminescence which is an optical property is enhanced if the size of any particles is reduced up to nano -size. As the wavelength of light gets reduced. The present theoretical work is devoted to the Study of Broadening in the Photoluminescence peaks with variation in particle size of (ZnS, CdS) nanocrystals.

DC to DC power converters find major applications in all central processing unit (CPU) power supplies. The modern trend is to go towards lower power supply voltages; the reason for this is to limit power at high clock frequencies (in GHz) employed. The current demanded by the processors are high. On account of this development there is a great demand for DC to DC converters with low output voltages and high currents. Typically the operating voltage is 1.5V or less and current levels are higher than 50A as specified for the forthcoming INTEL P4 chips. The low voltage, high current power supplies have the option of powering from a 12V bus 1] or 48V bus 2]. The required efficiency of the power supply has to be greater than 80%. The challenge in such converters is achieving high efficiency. This thesis addresses the challenges involved in the design of efficient low voltage, high current DC to DC power supply. Synchronous rectifiers are used as a standard method for achieving high efficiency in low voltage output converters. This thesis, besides employing synchronous rectifiers, proposes two additional innovations towards the goal of high efficiency.

Human Wildlife Conflict (HWC) has been aroused in Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) due to high dependency of locals to the natural resources, and improper agricultural and animal husbandry practices that often lead to severe crop damage and livestock depredation. This study was carried out in Simpani VDC of ACA to assess the nature and extent of crop damage and livestock depredation that contributed HWC and to understand the general perception of locals towards problematic animals. The study revealed that conflict was higher in the settlements close to the forest. The crop damage and livestock depredation was increasing for past three years. The average financial loss in monetary term per household was 58% of average per capita income of Nepal i.e. $ 185.60. However, the people were positive to conserve the natural resources in spite of the severe losses. Integrated program should be made with great consultation with locals by recognizing their traditional right and practices and ecological and socio-economic condition of the concerned area. Income Generating Activities, NTFPs cultivation, improved livestock husbandry, provision of compensation are inevitable to reduce HWC.

The authors explore an intersection of number theory, digital signal processing and coding theory. Focusing on the design of number theory based on computationally efficient digital signal processing algorithms, error control techniques and their relationships over a ring of integers, this is the first book to focus on algorithms for processing of data sequences defined over finite integer rings, rather than defined over a field.
The authors have developed a deep understanding of the fundamental role that number theory plays in the design of fast algorithms for performing computationally intensive tasks in digital signal processing. This understanding led them to derive a significant body of new research results in number theory, digital signal processing, residue number systems, and error control coding techniques. They present these results-with necessary background theory-for mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers working in number theory, computer arithmetic, fault-tolerant computing, digital signal processing, VLSI design, and coding theory.